A doctor in Dnipro shared insights about the current situation regarding metapneumovirus in the city.

At the beginning of 2025, an outbreak of human metapneumovirus (HMPV) infection was reported in China. Footage of overcrowded hospitals began to circulate online, raising concerns and sparking heated discussions. This is particularly alarming as cases have also been reported in Ukraine. Are Dnipro residents at risk from this new epidemic? Vladimir Ivanovich, an infectious disease doctor from Dnipro, spoke to the publication "Our City", as reported by "Vidomo".

What is metapneumovirus and how does it spread?

Metapneumovirus (Human metapneumovirus, HMPV) belongs to the Pneumoviridae family. It is a virus that causes acute respiratory illnesses in individuals of all ages, though it predominantly affects children and those with weakened immune systems. HMPV is characterized by a seasonal pattern, similar to other respiratory viruses, with circulation typically beginning in winter and continuing through spring.

The primary mode of transmission is airborne: through sneezing, coughing, or close contact with an infected person. The source of infection can be either an ill person or an asymptomatic carrier.

Dnipro and metapneumovirus: what residents need to know

According to the latest data from the Ministry of Health of Ukraine and operational reports from regional public health centers, there is indeed a rise in cases of infection caused by metapneumovirus (HMPV) in the country. This trend is observed not only in large cities but also in smaller communities.

In Dnipro, isolated cases of the virus have been detected in patients with symptoms of ARVI, but currently, the number of officially confirmed metapneumovirus infections is significantly lower than, say, cases of influenza or COVID-19, – stated Vladimir Ivanovich, an infectious disease doctor from Dnipro. – However, physicians and epidemiologists note that the actual number of infections may be higher, as many individuals experience mild symptoms and do not seek medical attention, thus missing necessary diagnostic tests.

The doctor noted that medical institutions in Dnipro have received recommendations to increase attention to atypical cases of ARVI. Regular checks are being conducted on patients suspected of having metapneumovirus, especially if influenza and COVID-19 have been ruled out.

Epidemiological surveillance is being carried out by local laboratories in conjunction with the Center for Disease Control and Prevention, – added Vladimir Ivanovich. – Periodic screenings are conducted among patients with suspicious symptoms.

Therefore, while cases of metapneumovirus are being recorded in Dnipro, there are currently no large-scale outbreaks or critical increases of this infection. Nonetheless, specialists continue to monitor the disease dynamics closely to take necessary measures should the epidemic situation worsen.

How does metapneumovirus manifest: symptoms of the disease

Clinical manifestations can resemble those of other acute viral respiratory infections. In the vast majority of cases, metapneumovirus symptoms are similar to those of a cold or mild influenza.

Compared to influenza, metapneumovirus usually presents much more mildly and very rarely causes complications, – reported Vladimir Ivanovich. – The incubation period for metapneumovirus averages 3–5 days but can range from 2 to 7 days. After the incubation period, individuals begin to experience the first symptoms of the disease.

Children, especially those under 5 years old, are the most vulnerable to the infection, – emphasized the infectious disease doctor. – They are more likely to develop complications such as bronchiolitis or pneumonia. Older adults, individuals with chronic respiratory diseases, and those with weakened immune systems, including cancer patients and HIV-positive individuals on immunosuppressive therapy, are also at risk.

Treatment of metapneumovirus: why it’s important not to delay seeing a doctor

Currently, there is no specific antiviral treatment registered specifically for metapneumovirus. Instead, doctors typically employ therapy aimed at improving the overall condition of the patient.

Treatment is primarily symptomatic: antipyretics as needed, plenty of fluids, and vitamin therapy, – said Vladimir Ivanovich. – In severe cases, hospitalization is indicated, along with oxygen support (in cases of respiratory failure), correction of fluid and electrolyte balance, and supportive therapy.

If necessary, the doctor may also prescribe antibiotics. It is crucial that antibacterial therapy is only initiated after confirming a bacterial nature of the complication.

Although the infection usually manifests in a mild form, in rare cases, it can lead to serious complications, – warned Vladimir Ivanovich. – Some of these include: bronchiolitis (especially in younger children); pneumonia (which can be either viral or secondary bacterial); exacerbation of chronic respiratory or cardiovascular diseases; and in severe cases, respiratory failure.

It is important to remember that timely medical consultation and appropriate treatment can usually help avoid serious consequences.

What preventive measures can be taken, and will vaccination help?

Although metapneumovirus is not as widespread as influenza or coronavirus, it can still cause serious complications. Therefore, preventive measures are crucial, especially during seasonal outbreaks of respiratory infections.

It is essential to follow hygiene rules: regularly wash hands with soap or use hand sanitizer, – cautioned the infectious disease doctor. – Wear a mask in crowded places, especially during seasonal increases in illness. Avoid close contact with sick individuals, and maintain distance whenever possible. Ventilate rooms and conduct wet cleaning. Strengthen immunity: eat a balanced diet, get adequate sleep, avoid stress, and engage in physical activity.

As of now, there is no licensed vaccine for metapneumovirus used in medical practice worldwide. Therefore, Ukraine does not currently conduct routine vaccinations against this virus. However, it is important to stay informed about medical developments, as scientists continue to work on solutions to this issue.